Vlucht Report

Vlucht Datum
26 Oct 2023 13:10 UTC
Beoordelingsstatus
Approved
Vlucht Nummer
VBV713
Vertrek ICAO
Aankomst ICAO
Alternatief ICAO
N/A
Route
DCT
Toestel
Cessna Skyhawk 172Sp G1000 Kenmore Livery
Brandstof Verbruikt
51kg
Afstand
205nm
Passagiers
2
Cargo
60kg
Vertrektijd
11:40:07
Aankomsttijd
13:49:35
Vluchtduur
02:09:28
Vlucht XP
265
Prestatiescore
53%
Landingssnelheid
-173fpm
Vlucht Type
Charter
Commentaar
ACARS flight.

Vaardigheidsanalyse (53%)

Stall gedetecteerd
FAIL
Crash gedetecteerd
OK
Landingslichten beneden 10k
OK
Landingslichten boven 10k
OK
Te Hoge Snelheid / Stres gedetecteerd
OK
Te Hoge Taxisnelheid
OK
Te Hoge Snelheid beneden 10k
OK
Beacon uit Motor Aan
OK
Slew gedetecteerd
OK
Pauze gedetecteerd
OK

Take-off/Landing Analyse (Landingssnelheid -173fpm)

Take-off G-Force
1.11g
Rotatiesnelheid
81kt
Rotatie Pitch
-3.7°
Rotatie Bank
0.27°
Gear-up Snelheid
NA
Gear-up Hoogte
NA
Take-Off Wind
160/3kt
TAT Vertrek/Aankomst
18°C/°C
Touch-down G-Force
1.12g
Touch-down Snelheid
73kt
Touch-down Pitch
-1.93°
Touch-down Bank
-0.39°
Gear-down Snelheid
NA
Gear-down Hoogte
NA
Landing Wind
NA
Touch-Down Spoilers Ingezet
No

Vluchtlogboek


[11:38:22utc] You have successfully logged in Oeds van der Meulen.
[11:40:05utc] Your flight to LIPV has now been started.
[11:40:05utc] Aircraft boarding in progress
[11:42:40utc] FLAPS 1
[11:43:22utc] Detected aircraft taxiing
[11:55:50utc] Landing lights ON
[11:59:41utc] Detected take-off roll, WIND 160/3kt
[11:59:54utc] Departing LIPZ, IAS 81kt, G-force 1.11g, pitch -3.7deg, bank 0.27deg, VS -26fpm, HDG 222deg
[12:00:02utc] Aircraft at 110ft, IAS 84kt, GS 87kt, HDG 218deg, TAT 18deg, WIND 160/3kt
[12:00:24utc] FLAPS UP, IAS 98kt
[12:01:10utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 117kt, GS 117kt, VS 407fpm, ALT 560ft, PITCH -2.83deg, HDG 223deg, TAT 18deg, WIND 199/4kt
[12:02:50utc] Aircraft at 1160ft, IAS 118kt, GS 115kt, HDG 224deg, TAT 17deg, WIND 235/6kt
[12:05:38utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 118kt, GS 115kt, VS 55fpm, ALT 1170ft, PITCH -1.03deg, HDG 256deg, TAT 17deg, WIND 232/7kt
[12:05:48utc] Aircraft at 1170ft, IAS 120kt, GS 117kt, HDG 265deg, TAT 17deg, WIND 236/7kt
[12:16:51utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 122kt, GS 122kt, VS 479fpm, ALT 1230ft, PITCH -2.92deg, HDG 349deg, TAT 15deg, WIND 268/3kt
[12:17:38utc] Aircraft at 1490ft, IAS 121kt, GS 124kt, HDG 348deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 265/4kt
[12:17:45utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 123kt, GS 124kt, VS 64fpm, ALT 1490ft, PITCH -0.46deg, HDG 348deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 268/4kt
[12:17:46utc] Aircraft at 1490ft, IAS 123kt, GS 124kt, HDG 348deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 269/4kt
[12:23:14utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 118kt, GS 124kt, VS 61fpm, ALT 1490ft, PITCH -0.45deg, HDG 041deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 266/4kt
[12:23:16utc] Aircraft at 1490ft, IAS 118kt, GS 124kt, HDG 041deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 267/4kt
[12:23:21utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 118kt, GS 124kt, VS 63fpm, ALT 1490ft, PITCH -0.51deg, HDG 041deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 265/4kt
[12:23:22utc] Aircraft at 1490ft, IAS 118kt, GS 124kt, HDG 041deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 267/4kt
[12:24:32utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 121kt, GS 128kt, VS 54fpm, ALT 1500ft, PITCH -0.15deg, HDG 081deg, TAT 15deg, WIND 268/4kt
[12:24:33utc] Aircraft at 1500ft, IAS 121kt, GS 128kt, HDG 081deg, TAT 15deg, WIND 268/4kt
[12:37:12utc] FLAPS 1, IAS 123kt
[12:37:13utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 1450ft, IAS 122kt, GS 128kt, HDG 047deg, VS -389fpm, TAT 14deg, WIND 271/4kt
[12:38:18utc] FLAPS 2, IAS 92kt
[12:39:54utc] Landed with a landing rate of -173fpm, touchdown speed 73kt, G-force 1.12g, pitch -1.93deg, bank -0.39deg
[12:39:57utc] Landed with a landing rate of -173fpm, touchdown speed 73kt, G-force 1.12g, pitch -1.93deg, bank -0.39deg
[12:40:00utc] FLAPS 1
[12:40:48utc] Aircraft at 770ft, IAS 100kt, GS 105kt, HDG 053deg, TAT 16deg, WIND 272/3kt
[12:40:50utc] FLAPS UP, IAS 100kt
[12:41:18utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 112kt, GS 117kt, VS 511fpm, ALT 1030ft, PITCH -3.53deg, HDG 049deg, TAT 16deg, WIND 277/3kt
[12:46:48utc] Aircraft at 4000ft, IAS 114kt, GS 119kt, HDG 304deg, TAT 11deg, WIND 282/6kt
[12:46:54utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 115kt, GS 121kt, VS 53fpm, ALT 4000ft, PITCH -0.65deg, HDG 316deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 274/4kt
[12:46:57utc] Aircraft at 4000ft, IAS 115kt, GS 121kt, HDG 321deg, TAT 11deg, WIND 273/4kt
[12:47:03utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 113kt, GS 121kt, VS 56fpm, ALT 4000ft, PITCH -1.08deg, HDG 338deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 274/4kt
[12:47:08utc] Aircraft at 4010ft, IAS 111kt, GS 119kt, HDG 339deg, TAT 11deg, WIND 265/7kt
[12:47:22utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 3980ft, IAS 114kt, GS 119kt, HDG 284deg, VS -83fpm, TAT 13deg, WIND 287/5kt
[12:47:26utc] Aircraft at 3970ft, IAS 112kt, GS 117kt, HDG 270deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 275/5kt
[12:47:28utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 112kt, GS 117kt, VS 193fpm, ALT 3980ft, PITCH -0.5deg, HDG 262deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 283/6kt
[12:47:31utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 3980ft, IAS 111kt, GS 117kt, HDG 253deg, VS -93fpm, TAT 12deg, WIND 277/5kt
[12:47:34utc] Aircraft at 3980ft, IAS 109kt, GS 115kt, HDG 253deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 275/4kt
[12:47:35utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 109kt, GS 115kt, VS 88fpm, ALT 3980ft, PITCH -1.28deg, HDG 255deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 274/4kt
[12:47:38utc] Aircraft at 3980ft, IAS 107kt, GS 113kt, HDG 264deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 266/4kt
[12:49:18utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 116kt, GS 121kt, VS 53fpm, ALT 4000ft, PITCH 2.39deg, HDG 296deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 277/9kt
[12:49:22utc] Aircraft at 4000ft, IAS 118kt, GS 122kt, HDG 308deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 282/9kt
[12:49:23utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 4000ft, IAS 119kt, GS 124kt, HDG 314deg, VS -118fpm, TAT 12deg, WIND 282/8kt
[12:49:25utc] Aircraft at 4000ft, IAS 119kt, GS 124kt, HDG 322deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 288/8kt
[12:49:26utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 119kt, GS 124kt, VS 92fpm, ALT 4000ft, PITCH 1.77deg, HDG 325deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 290/8kt
[12:49:29utc] Aircraft at 4000ft, IAS 120kt, GS 124kt, HDG 330deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 291/7kt
[12:49:43utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 3990ft, IAS 116kt, GS 122kt, HDG 338deg, VS -95fpm, TAT 12deg, WIND 268/4kt
[12:49:49utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 114kt, GS 121kt, VS 71fpm, ALT 3990ft, PITCH -0.68deg, HDG 317deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 280/5kt
[12:49:56utc] Aircraft at 3990ft, IAS 115kt, GS 121kt, HDG 311deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 281/5kt
[12:50:00utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 115kt, GS 121kt, VS 66fpm, ALT 3990ft, PITCH 0.42deg, HDG 311deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 269/7kt
[12:50:04utc] Aircraft at 4000ft, IAS 116kt, GS 121kt, HDG 312deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 273/8kt
[12:50:07utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 4000ft, IAS 117kt, GS 122kt, HDG 315deg, VS -83fpm, TAT 12deg, WIND 278/7kt
[12:50:12utc] Aircraft at 4000ft, IAS 119kt, GS 124kt, HDG 328deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 302/8kt
[12:50:21utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 121kt, GS 128kt, VS 53fpm, ALT 3990ft, PITCH 1.44deg, HDG 350deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 279/6kt
[12:50:24utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 3990ft, IAS 119kt, GS 126kt, HDG 351deg, VS -61fpm, TAT 12deg, WIND 268/5kt
[12:50:29utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 116kt, GS 122kt, VS 74fpm, ALT 3990ft, PITCH 1.46deg, HDG 350deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 271/7kt
[12:50:30utc] Aircraft at 4000ft, IAS 115kt, GS 122kt, HDG 349deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 268/7kt
[12:50:32utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 3990ft, IAS 114kt, GS 121kt, HDG 346deg, VS -93fpm, TAT 12deg, WIND 271/6kt
[12:50:38utc] Aircraft at 3970ft, IAS 106kt, GS 113kt, HDG 325deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 266/5kt
[12:51:18utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 88kt, GS 97kt, VS 69fpm, ALT 3980ft, PITCH -2.79deg, HDG 340deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 275/4kt
[12:51:19utc] Aircraft at 3980ft, IAS 87kt, GS 95kt, HDG 345deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 275/4kt
[12:52:28utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 56kt, GS 66kt, VS 570fpm, ALT 4010ft, PITCH -15.06deg, HDG 325deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 270/4kt
[12:53:58utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 4600ft, IAS 105kt, GS 113kt, HDG 266deg, VS -267fpm, TAT 13deg, WIND 270/4kt
[12:54:31utc] Aircraft at 4490ft, IAS 118kt, GS 124kt, HDG 241deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 262/4kt
[12:54:48utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 4490ft, IAS 122kt, GS 128kt, HDG 242deg, VS -85fpm, TAT 13deg, WIND 282/6kt
[12:54:55utc] Aircraft at 4480ft, IAS 115kt, GS 121kt, HDG 241deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 270/4kt
[12:55:24utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 97kt, GS 103kt, VS 86fpm, ALT 4470ft, PITCH -2.59deg, HDG 267deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 259/4kt
[12:55:26utc] Aircraft at 4470ft, IAS 97kt, GS 105kt, HDG 266deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 265/4kt
[12:55:28utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 4470ft, IAS 99kt, GS 107kt, HDG 266deg, VS -78fpm, TAT 13deg, WIND 266/4kt
[12:55:32utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 101kt, GS 107kt, VS 139fpm, ALT 4480ft, PITCH -2.19deg, HDG 266deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 267/4kt
[12:55:34utc] Aircraft at 4480ft, IAS 103kt, GS 109kt, HDG 266deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 266/4kt
[12:56:47utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 121kt, GS 128kt, VS 56fpm, ALT 4490ft, PITCH -0.07deg, HDG 194deg, TAT 11deg, WIND 261/5kt
[12:56:49utc] Aircraft at 4490ft, IAS 121kt, GS 128kt, HDG 194deg, TAT 11deg, WIND 263/4kt
[12:56:58utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 4430ft, IAS 125kt, GS 132kt, HDG 195deg, VS -682fpm, TAT 11deg, WIND 267/4kt
[13:00:25utc] Aircraft at 2980ft, IAS 111kt, GS 121kt, HDG 134deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 272/5kt
[13:00:37utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 2980ft, IAS 107kt, GS 117kt, HDG 130deg, VS -86fpm, TAT 13deg, WIND 272/4kt
[13:00:42utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 105kt, GS 115kt, VS 51fpm, ALT 2980ft, PITCH -1.9deg, HDG 131deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 272/4kt
[13:00:47utc] Aircraft at 2990ft, IAS 103kt, GS 113kt, HDG 132deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 267/5kt
[13:02:06utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 100kt, GS 109kt, VS 53fpm, ALT 2990ft, PITCH -0.73deg, HDG 183deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 273/5kt
[13:02:10utc] Aircraft at 2990ft, IAS 102kt, GS 109kt, HDG 185deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 270/6kt
[13:02:41utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 3000ft, IAS 129kt, GS 132kt, HDG 211deg, VS -94fpm, TAT 13deg, WIND 264/6kt
[13:02:44utc] Aircraft at 3000ft, IAS 130kt, GS 132kt, HDG 217deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 269/7kt
[13:02:48utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 3000ft, IAS 130kt, GS 132kt, HDG 222deg, VS -166fpm, TAT 13deg, WIND 271/5kt
[13:02:51utc] Aircraft at 2990ft, IAS 130kt, GS 132kt, HDG 223deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 271/4kt
[13:03:54utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 106kt, GS 111kt, VS 112fpm, ALT 2980ft, PITCH -0.66deg, HDG 211deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 271/4kt
[13:03:55utc] Aircraft at 2980ft, IAS 106kt, GS 111kt, HDG 214deg, TAT 12deg, WIND 269/5kt
[13:09:11utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 119kt, GS 122kt, VS 60fpm, ALT 2980ft, PITCH -0.58deg, HDG 235deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 269/4kt
[13:09:15utc] Aircraft at 2990ft, IAS 121kt, GS 124kt, HDG 235deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 268/5kt
[13:10:06utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 122kt, GS 124kt, VS 73fpm, ALT 2990ft, PITCH 0.01deg, HDG 236deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 280/5kt
[13:10:10utc] Aircraft at 2990ft, IAS 123kt, GS 126kt, HDG 236deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 275/5kt
[13:10:14utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 125kt, GS 126kt, VS 74fpm, ALT 2990ft, PITCH 0.8deg, HDG 236deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 273/6kt
[13:10:20utc] Aircraft at 3000ft, IAS 126kt, GS 128kt, HDG 235deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 273/6kt
[13:12:03utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 2900ft, IAS 125kt, GS 132kt, HDG 165deg, VS -607fpm, TAT 12deg, WIND 273/4kt
[13:14:36utc] Aircraft at 1490ft, IAS 110kt, GS 115kt, HDG 165deg, TAT 15deg, WIND 274/4kt
[13:14:59utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 100kt, GS 105kt, VS 89fpm, ALT 1480ft, PITCH -2.66deg, HDG 170deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 274/4kt
[13:15:02utc] Aircraft at 1490ft, IAS 99kt, GS 105kt, HDG 175deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 275/4kt
[13:15:24utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 97kt, GS 101kt, VS 104fpm, ALT 1490ft, PITCH -2.33deg, HDG 193deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 266/4kt
[13:15:27utc] Aircraft at 1490ft, IAS 96kt, GS 101kt, HDG 193deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 267/4kt
[13:15:47utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 105kt, GS 109kt, VS 91fpm, ALT 1490ft, PITCH -1.6deg, HDG 193deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 266/4kt
[13:15:49utc] Aircraft at 1490ft, IAS 108kt, GS 111kt, HDG 193deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 263/4kt
[13:15:53utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 111kt, GS 115kt, VS 81fpm, ALT 1490ft, PITCH -1.55deg, HDG 193deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 268/4kt
[13:16:08utc] Aircraft at 1510ft, IAS 123kt, GS 124kt, HDG 193deg, TAT 15deg, WIND 263/4kt
[13:16:14utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 125kt, GS 126kt, VS 63fpm, ALT 1500ft, PITCH -0.66deg, HDG 193deg, TAT 15deg, WIND 268/4kt
[13:16:17utc] Aircraft at 1510ft, IAS 125kt, GS 126kt, HDG 193deg, TAT 15deg, WIND 271/4kt
[13:16:57utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 128kt, GS 130kt, VS 67fpm, ALT 1500ft, PITCH 0.16deg, HDG 193deg, TAT 15deg, WIND 268/5kt
[13:16:58utc] Aircraft at 1500ft, IAS 128kt, GS 130kt, HDG 193deg, TAT 15deg, WIND 268/4kt
[13:19:50utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 1450ft, IAS 121kt, GS 126kt, HDG 126deg, VS -282fpm, TAT 14deg, WIND 268/4kt
[13:21:04utc] FLAPS 1, IAS 125kt
[13:21:05utc] FLAPS 2, IAS 126kt
[13:21:17utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 84kt, GS 93kt, VS 551fpm, ALT 870ft, PITCH -1.54deg, HDG 109deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 272/4kt
[13:21:20utc] FLAPS FULL, IAS 82kt
[13:21:40utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 820ft, IAS 78kt, GS 87kt, HDG 080deg, VS -933fpm, TAT 14deg, WIND 267/4kt
[13:22:55utc] Landed with a landing rate of -173fpm, touchdown speed 73kt, G-force 1.12g, pitch -1.93deg, bank -0.39deg
[13:22:58utc] Landed with a landing rate of -173fpm, touchdown speed 73kt, G-force 1.12g, pitch -1.93deg, bank -0.39deg
[13:23:14utc] FLAPS 2
[13:23:15utc] FLAPS 1
[13:23:17utc] Landed with a landing rate of -173fpm, touchdown speed 73kt, G-force 1.12g, pitch -1.93deg, bank -0.39deg
[13:23:24utc] Aircraft at 60ft, IAS 89kt, GS 95kt, HDG 071deg, TAT 16deg, WIND 270/2kt
[13:24:03utc] FLAPS UP, IAS 105kt
[13:24:34utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 116kt, GS 121kt, VS 507fpm, ALT 610ft, PITCH -3.13deg, HDG 071deg, TAT 16deg, WIND 268/3kt
[13:26:29utc] Aircraft at 1490ft, IAS 122kt, GS 128kt, HDG 111deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 274/4kt
[13:31:50utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 124kt, GS 126kt, VS 56fpm, ALT 1500ft, PITCH 0.14deg, HDG 182deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 266/5kt
[13:32:01utc] Aircraft at 1500ft, IAS 125kt, GS 128kt, HDG 183deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 273/4kt
[13:38:19utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 98kt, GS 105kt, VS 53fpm, ALT 1480ft, PITCH -1.34deg, HDG 157deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 268/5kt
[13:38:21utc] Aircraft at 1490ft, IAS 98kt, GS 105kt, HDG 148deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 270/4kt
[13:38:27utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 97kt, GS 105kt, VS 119fpm, ALT 1490ft, PITCH -1.07deg, HDG 124deg, TAT 14deg, WIND 271/5kt
[13:38:29utc] Aircraft at 1490ft, IAS 97kt, GS 107kt, HDG 116deg, TAT 13deg, WIND 271/5kt
[13:40:30utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 1440ft, IAS 90kt, GS 95kt, HDG 343deg, VS -858fpm, TAT 13deg, WIND 268/3kt
[13:41:31utc] Aircraft at 490ft, IAS 103kt, GS 109kt, HDG 119deg, TAT 16deg, WIND 258/3kt
[13:41:47utc] Aircraft climbing, IAS 105kt, GS 111kt, VS 338fpm, ALT 550ft, PITCH -3.15deg, HDG 061deg, TAT 15deg, WIND 265/3kt
[13:44:22utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 1410ft, IAS 121kt, GS 122kt, HDG 185deg, VS -565fpm, TAT 14deg, WIND 262/4kt
[13:45:04utc] Aircraft at 1000ft, IAS 109kt, GS 109kt, HDG 249deg, TAT 15deg, WIND 268/4kt
[13:45:18utc] Aircraft descending, ALT 940ft, IAS 110kt, GS 109kt, HDG 248deg, VS -431fpm, TAT 15deg, WIND 272/5kt
[13:45:41utc] FLAPS 1, IAS 111kt
[13:45:49utc] FLAPS 2, IAS 104kt
[13:46:08utc] FLAPS FULL, IAS 86kt
[13:47:22utc] Landed with a landing rate of -173fpm, touchdown speed 73kt, G-force 1.12g, pitch -1.93deg, bank -0.39deg
[13:47:27utc] Landed with a landing rate of -173fpm, touchdown speed 73kt, G-force 1.12g, pitch -1.93deg, bank -0.39deg
[13:47:38utc] Aircraft taxiing to the ramp
[13:48:27utc] Landing lights OFF
[13:48:53utc] FLAPS 2
[13:48:53utc] FLAPS 1
[13:48:54utc] FLAPS UP
[13:49:15utc] Engine(s) shutdown
[13:49:15utc] Aircraft parked